Strategic Analysis Of Siemens Commerce Essay Example For Students

Strategic Analysis Of Siemens Commerce Essay Mhos is now one of Europes largest technology pudding stones. Its international central offices are located in Germany. Siemens is a diversified and immense group, with concern in information and communications, mechanization and control, power, transit, wellness attention, illuming and fiscal service concerns. Its concerns have strong leading in electronics and electrical technology. Siemens has three chief concern sectors: Industry, Energy and Healthcare and it has a entire every bit many as of 15 divisions ( Barclay, 2000 ) . We will write a custom essay on Strategic Analysis Of Siemens Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Worldwide Siemens and its subordinates employ about 420,800 people in about 190 states and reported planetary gross of 76.615 billion Euros as of 2009. Siemens AG is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, and has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since March 12, 2001. Outline1 Mission and vision2 Strategic issues3 Pioneer of sustainability4 Great in diverseness5 Advanced6 Strategic analysis for Siemens7 PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment8 PESTEL analysis for Siemens9 Germany10 GLOBAL11 Political12 Economic13 Social14 Technological15 Environmental16 Legal17 Porter s five forces18 Porter s five forces19 Degree of competition20 Dickering power of clients21 Dickering power of providers22 Menace of new entrants:23 Menace of replacements24 SWOT Analysis25 Strengths26 Failings27 Opportunities28 Menaces29 Strengths30 Failing31 Opportunities32 Menaces33 The strategic options from SWOT34 Inner control35 Transportation activities from 3rd parties36 Restructure the capital construction37 Found new divisions for new merchandises38 Joint venture Mission and vision Highest public presentation with highest moralss that is the criterion demanded by Siemens present president and CEO Peter Loscher. Its mission is to happen the best manner of uniting and developing know-how and expertness, so that Siemens can productively impart them into outstanding value for clients. It has three nucleus values Responsible: Committed to ethical and responsible actions ; Excellent: Achieving high public presentation and first-class consequences ; Innovative: Being advanced to make sustainable value. Strategic issues Pioneer of sustainability Sustainability is viewed as an of import factor for success. Siemens wants to be the innovator of sustainability. Sustainable development is the most of import strategic aim in the long tally. Sustainability serves as the footing for Siemens hereafter concern success and is the most of import facet of Siemens corporate scheme. ( Barney, 1986 ) . What s more, in recent old ages, Siemens has applied this scheme into operation, with the Siemens environmental portfolio increasing, it has an exceptionally wide spectrum of merchandises and solutions for environmental and climate protection Great in diverseness Siemens is engaged in advancing diverseness in all degrees of the company to a greater grade than of all time earlier. Up to presents, diverseness has been given a lasting topographic point in the corporate degree scheme. In Siemens civilization, particularly for the increasing deficit of extremely qualified people and demographic alterations in the planetary concern, diverseness is a requirement for all the muti-national companies long-run success. Diversity is besides a requirement for its international concern. Advanced Invention has ever been one of nucleus competence in Siemens concern scheme. In Siemens civilization, Inventions are thought to be able to heighten the nucleus competency of Siemens. What s more, Mhos have to maintain its advantage over its rivals in this technological product-dominated market. Strategic analysis for Siemens First, PESTEL will be applied to measure the microenvironment of Siemens, for Porter s five forces analysis, the electrical equipment division will be taken as an illustration and a complete SWOT analysis will follow to measure he strategic options for Siemens. PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment The external environment for international concern is ever complicated and dynamic. The PESTEL analysis of the maco-environment of Siemens is based from two positions: one is that Siemens run its concern in German and the other status is that it runs its concern internationally or in other finish states. PESTEL analysis for Siemens Germany GLOBAL Political Germany authorities policy on subsidies ; lessening policies for German houses Different states has different policies ; the relationship between the authorities of finish state and German ; grade of local authorities s intercession in the economic system ; the quality of service that local authorities provide to foreign houses ; lessening policies for domestic houses ; duty barrier of non-tariff barrier from finish state ; the instruction of the work force, the wellness of the state and Economic The economic system in Germany ; the growing rate of German economic system ; involvement rate ; rising prices rate ; domestic rivals. Global fiscal crisis ; Overseas economic growing ; the construction of local economic system ; the quality of the substructure of the economic system such as the transit and electrical system ; degree of national income ; involvement rate ; exchange rate ; rising prices rate ; Market demand and sections for Siemens merchandises ; local and international rivals. Social Structure and size of population ; Structure and size of population ; Availability of local human resources ; Migration flows ; civilization differences ; trade name image of Siemens in finish state Technological New engineerings related with Siemens concern in German ; any engineering that could cut down cost, better quality or service and assist selling such as online engineering. International technological discoveries ; New engineerings related with Siemens concern in German ; advantages and disadvantages of Siemens engineerings when compared with international rivals ; any engineering that could cut down cost, better quality or service and assist selling such as online engineering. Environmental Weather and clime in German ; hardware such as land available for Siemens concern Global clime alteration ; weather and clime in finish state ; natural environment ; Legal Environment ordinance ; related Torahs in German. Related international and local Torahs and ordinances. Political Political factors ever have great impact over the maco-environment in which the concern tallies, so muti-national companies need to make research on political environment before their international selling planning. Siemens is making good in measuring political hazard before it enters a new market. If necessary, a study sing the political hazards demands to be completed before its international selling ( Bell, 2001 ) . Economic The economic state of affairs in finish states, the impact of currency fluctuations on exchange rates, the development of local market, the local market construction ( Barney, 1996 ) , the local human resources and the sensitivity of local consumers are all really of import issues for Siemens to see ( Bierly,1996 ) . The planetary economic system merely experienced the fiscal crisis ; although Siemens got a steady fiscal public presentation for a batch of old ages before the fiscal crisis, Siemens concern in most states still experienced a downswing. Another job is that, together with the fiscal crisis is the tightened recognition system for Siemens, which brought a batch of problem to its concern. The high spot is that some new markets such as the China market are still turning fast and these new markets provide good chances for Siemens gross coevals. Social The cultural difference is frequently a tough job that all the muti-national companies have met with ( Choi, 2000 ) . Culture, faith and society are of great importance to us. Will and how the local cultural differences affect Siemens concern should besides be evaluated. .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .postImageUrl , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:hover , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:visited , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:active { border:0!important; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:active , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ap Literature East Of Eden EssayOne of Siemens schemes is Diversity as a factor of success. Siemens is advancing diverseness in the direction ranks of the company to a greater grade than of all time before. Besides, the trade name image of Siemens is really good and besides means high quality by many buyers ( Davenport, et, 2002 ) , which is one of Siemens advantages from the societal position. Technological Mhos still have great technological advantages in its professional field such as electrical equipment. It is still keeping an advanced place in the international competition in this field. It besides has been viewed as a top pioneer in the Fieldss of mechanization, buoy uping, wellness attention and fire safety for a batch of old ages. Keeping technological advantages over its rivals has ever been its nucleus competence. However, its technological advantage is non that obvious in some market sections. For illustration, in some states where authoritiess are non willing to afford high cost of new equipments, some smaller companies gained advantages over Siemens. Some clients are more interested in solar energy, while Siemens is non making good in the solar energy field. On the contrary, smaller companies like First Solar ( FSLR ) are more feasible than Mhos and their engineering are cheaper. Environmental With increasing attending from all states in the universe on planetary heating and with greater environmental consciousness, environment is going a important issue for muti-national houses to see ( Michael, 2003 ) . The turning desire to protect the environment is holding a great impact the industry. More environmentally friendly merchandises and procedures are in pressing demand. All of these external factors can convey good concern chances for Siemens. Legal The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ( WEEE ) Directive of the European Union ( EU ) makes manufacturers of electrical and electronic goods financially responsible for specified aggregation, recycling, intervention and disposal of past and future covered merchandises. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006, which implement most facets of the WEEE Directive, came into force in 2007 in most Europe states. Several merchandise divisions of Mhos are capable to the WEEE ordinance ( Hofee, 2003 ) . Porter s five forces As Mhos have several of import sectors, and the 5 forces analysis for each sector are pretty different. As one of the most of import divisions of Siemens, electrical equipment will be used as the research aim for Porter s five forces analysis here. Porter s five forces Degree of competition The grade of completion in this industry is pretty high and there are many large participants in this market Dickering power of clients The infinite for clients to deal is limited as the merchandises are extremely specialised and it hard for clients to happen comparable merchandises at lower monetary values Dickering power of providers Suppliers who supply natural stuffs or parts to industries have small bargaining power Menace of new entrants: As the equipment is of high engineering, in the early phase of this industry, the entrant barrier of this industry is high. Mhos and GE have dominated this industry for decennaries. Menace of replacements However, with the popularity of new energy engineerings, some little companies besides entered this market with lower-cost engineering and energy, so it is acquiring more and easier to happen a substituted in some limited field in a little graduated table. Degree of competition: In this industry, Siemens competes with large participants. GE has a strong market place in this industry, while ABB has great advantages in power coevals and transmittal. The figure of market participants in this field is large and the grade of competition is high ( Barney, 1995 ) . Dickering power of clients: In other industries, it is easy for companies to cut the monetary values as they compete for the same trades, which is less possible to go on in the industrial electrical equipment industry. These merchandises are of extremely specialized and professional engineerings, so clients find it is really hard for clients to buy merchandises of comparable quality at the same or even lower monetary values. Dickering power of providers: those companies that provide equipment parts and natural stuffs to these companies ever have small bargaining power. As the equipment parts and natural stuffs are easy to be found in the unfastened market, so the providers are easy to be replaced by other providers. Menace of new entrants: Mhos and GE have dominated this industry for a batch of old ages. To run with the large participants, a new company would necessitate a great trade of investing. The company needs to hold really good credibleness and connexions of both established houses and authoritiess. So the entrant barrier for this industry is high. Menace of replacements: some new engineerings from smaller companies, which focus on green energy, have posted menace to large companies that lacks a viing merchandise. In solar equipment, for illustration, some smaller companies are going more feasible as their engineering becomes cheaper, while solar companies may shortly hold the strength to vie with traditional power beginning on monetary value and public presentation, the menace from substitutes station force per unit area to supplier like Siemens. In drumhead, although the completion in this industry is ferocious, the entrant barrier for new entrants is high, what s more, both client and provider have limited bargaining power. The force per unit areas from little companies which focus on green energy maintain increasing as they have advantages on monetary value and cost. SWOT Analysis Strengths Failings Large company graduated table and market portion ; Strong trade name image ; It has a batch of divisions ; Steady fiscal public presentation. Strong R A ; D capablenesss Good at diverseness Less advanced in the low-priced new engineering Low in recognition evaluation Weak in internal control Depend upon third party service suppliers for bulk of its operational activities Opportunities Menaces Increasing demand for environment friendly merchandises Bankrupt of some local companies in other states Joint venture with other large playes New ordinance ; Completion from new and smaller rivals ; Ill-defined tendency of planetary economic system Strengths Siemens is a German technology pudding stone with considerable graduated table and market portion ; Siemens is a diversified group, with concern in information and communications, mechanization and control, power, transit, medical and lighting concerns. It have strong trade name image. The trade name of Siemens has good planetary market incursion. The trade name is ever connected with merchandises of high quality in a batch of markets. It has steady fiscal public presentation in recent old ages ( Dess, 2008 ) . Over the old ages, Siemens has delivered steady fiscal consequences. Siemens net net incomes have a similar tendency in recent old ages. Steady fiscal public presentation enables Siemens to pull off its operations good and besides better the fiscal flexibleness in the following a few old ages. Mhos is celebrated for its Strong R A ; D capablenesss, which is besides an of import factor for its concern success. Its research and development ( R A ; D ) investing keeps increasing in recent old ages ; the mean figure of employees engaged in R A ; D besides keeps increasing ( Grant, 2008 ) . The group s focal point in R A ; D facilitates development of new merchandises and sweetenings to bing merchandises aid in keeping its strong market place and functioning a new section of clients. .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .postImageUrl , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:hover , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:visited , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:active { border:0!important; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:active , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Penalty Essay AgainstThe planetary economic system needs diverseness. Siemens has given diversity a lasting topographic point in the corporate degree scheme. In Siemens civilization, in position of the deficit of extremely qualified people and demographic alterations, diverseness is a requirement for Siemens long-run success. Failing Siemens is less advanced in the low-priced new engineering. For illustration, smaller companies like First Solar ( FSLR ) are more feasible than Mhos as their engineering becomes cheaper, so Siemens now face the force per unit area from smaller companies. Mhos is low in recognition evaluation. Siemens s recognition evaluations were downgraded by some major planetary evaluation bureaus in the recent old ages, which is partially due to its capital construction ( Hungenberg, 2008 ) . In November 2007, Moody s Investors Service downgraded Siemens long-run corporate recognition evaluation from Aa3 to A1.Its finance is non good at bring forthing hard currency flow, hence, Siemens ability to obtain new support and investing from external investors may be negatively affected by its low recognition evaluation. Its internal controlling manner is non every bit effectual as expected. Some referees said Siemens revelation controls and processs have been non effectual due to material failing in its internal control. In the country of anti-corruption and fiscal study, Siemens got a batch of problem due to its failing in internal control. Mhos relied on 3rd party service organisations for most of its operational activities. It buys 3rd party services for fabrication, piecing and proving its merchandises, while these 3rd parties ever have sorts of tie ups with multiple companies. Any jobs from these 3rd parties could adversely impact the group s operations. Heavy dependance on 3rd party reduces the group s control over its operation and concern costs. The consistency of the merchandises could non be guaranteed, either. Opportunities During the fiscal crisis, a batch of little companies went insolvents, some companies are of great value to heighten Siemens competence. It is a good clip to purchase these companies with low cost. Ally with a strong participant is a good manner to portion the resource and heighten the competence of both companies. For illustration, joint venture is a good manner. Nokia and Siemens established a 50-50 joint venture in 2007. The joint venture is called Nokia Siemens Networks, which combined Nokia s webs concern and Siemens bearer related operations for fixed and nomadic webs. This joint venture is expected to supply important long term returns to both groups. As all the states are caring more about the environment, There is a increasing demand for environment friendly merchandises, which is related to several merchandises line of Siemens. Menaces The new ordinance of manufacturers of electrical and electronic goods financially responsible for specified aggregation, recycling, intervention and disposal of past and future covered merchandises post ample costs and liabilities to Siemens. Small companies are deriving market portion by their merchandises with lower monetary value, which make the competition more intense. The planetary economic system has non to the full recovered from the fiscal crisis, so the market has non to the full recovered, either. Besides, the recognition is still tight, and it is really hard for Siemens to acquire new support from external capital market. The strategic options from SWOT By the SWOT analysis, assorted strategic options could be draw from different positions: on one manus, Siemens could be advised to mean to beef up its advantage ; on the other manus, scheme of weakening its failing is besides a good pick. Besides, as for external analysis, Siemens need to seek to do best of the timeserving external environment offered. What s more, antagonizing the negative impact from external menace is a manner for Siemens to accomplish its success. Strengthened advantages Weakening the disadvantages Promote its company size Increase its market portion and maintain gross turning Restructure the organisation to do its division more diversified. Build even strong trade name image and make better in trade name market incursion by sensible public relation activities and selling publicities Update its R A ; D capablenesss to a even stronger phase so as to heighten its nucleus competency With steady fiscal public presentation, work hard on high RIO for interest holders. Take actions to do both its concern and organisational civilization more diversified to accommodate to the development of planetary economic system Develop new divisions in charge of new merchandises with lower-price to vie in the low-price and new energy market sections Better its gaining control construction, do more rigorous control in its finance procedure and make better in finance revelation The operational parts of Siemens need to be restructured to acquire better inner control, and procedure modeling of Siemens besides needs to be modified. Move some of the activities from 3rd parties into in house so that Siemens will non extremely rely on 3rd party suppliers Make best usage of chances Counteract on menace More investing on the R A ; D for the environment friendly and new energy merchandises Develop better populace relationship with local authorities Make sensible investing on some smaller companies which have been in insolvent Ally with some strong participants to portion the resources and cut down the hazards. Enhance its ability of defying the negative impact of fiscal crisis or economic fluctuation from planetary economic system Do better on the research of new ordinance and do readying every bit early as possible. By and large talking, every scheme has its cost and benefit, it is ever had to make an all unit of ammunition cost and benefit analysis for all the schemes listed supra. It will do Mhos expose to less hazard by the scheme of beef uping its advantages. What s more, as one of the market leaders in the industry, Siemens has advantages over its rivals in many facets and do best usage of market chances can ever assist a company to achieve a batch in a long tally. However, supporting schemes from its failing and external menace besides have particular significance for its success. Based on all the analysis, suggestions for Siemens scheme are as followers: Inner control It is advised that Siemens need to make some alterations to internal control so that it can make better in commanding internal information and direction ; the procedure modeling of Siemens besides needs to be modified. Transportation activities from 3rd parties it could reassign some of its outsourced activities into in-house so that it wo nt extremely trust on 3rd party suppliers, which bring a batch of hazard to Siemens ; Restructure the capital construction it need to curtail its gaining control construction so that it could upgrade its recognition evaluation, which help it acquire steady support in the low tally ; for external competition. Found new divisions for new merchandises Found new R A ; D divisions to research new merchandises aimed on the low-price engineering and new energy market cleavage to vie with some smaller company with low-price merchandises. Joint venture Joint venture with other strong participants is a good scheme to portion resources and bring forth gross with lower cost.

The Appeal to (Irrelevant) Authority (Logical Fallacy)

The Appeal to (Irrelevant) Authority (Logical Fallacy) The appeal to (false or irrelevant) authority  is a  fallacy in which a rhetor  (public speaker or writer) seeks to persuade an audience not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for the famous. Also known as ipse dixit and ad verecundiam, which means he himself said it and argument to modesty or respect respectively, appeals to authority rely entirely upon the trust the audience has as a speakers integrity and expertise on the matter at hand. As W.L. Reese puts it in Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion, though, not every  appeal to authority  commits this fallacy, but every appeal to an authority with respect to matters outside his special province commits the fallacy. Essentially, what he means here is that although not all appeals to authority are fallacies, most are - especially by rhetors with no authority on the topic of discussion. The Art of Deception Manipulation of the general public has been a tool of politicians, religious leaders and marketing experts alike for centuries, utilizing appeal to authority often to support their causes with little to no evidence for doing so. Instead, these figureheads use the art of deception to leverage their fame and recognition as a means to validate their claims.   Have you ever wondered why actors like Luke Wilson endorse ATT as Americas largest wireless phone coverage provider or why Jennifer Aniston appears in Aveeno skincare commercials to say its the best product on the shelves? Marketing firms often hire the most famous A-list celebrities to promote their products for the sole purpose of using their appeal to authority to convince their fans that the product they endorse is worth buying. As Seth Stevenson posits in his 2009 Slate article Indie Sweethearts Pitching Products, Luke Wilsons role in these ATT ads is straight-up spokesman - the [ads] are horribly misleading. The Political Con Game As a result, it is important for audiences and consumers, especially in the political spectrum, to be doubly aware of the logical fallacy of merely trusting someone on their appeal to authority. In order to discern truth in these situations, the first step, then, would be to determine what level of expertise the rhetor has in the field of conversation.   For instance, the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, often cites no evidence in his tweets condemning everyone from political opponents and celebrities to supposed illegal voters in the general election. On November 27, 2016, he famously tweeted In addition to winning the Electoral College in a landslide, I won the popular vote if you deduct the millions of people who voted illegally. However, no evidence exists that verify this claim, which only sought to alter public opinion of his opponent Hillary Clintons 3,000,000-vote lead over him in the popular vote count of the 2016 U.S. election, calling her victory illegitimate.   Questioning Expertise This is certainly not unique to Trump - in fact, a large majority of politicians, especially while in public forums and on-the-spot television interviews, use an appeal to authority when facts and evidence are not readily available. Even criminals on trial will use this tactic to attempt to appeal to the empathetic human nature of the jury in order to sway their opinion despite contradictory evidence.   As Joel Rudinow and Vincent E. Barry put it in the 6th edition of Invitation to Critical Thinking, no one is an expert on everything, and therefore no one can be trusted on their appeal to authority every time. The pair comment that whenever an appeal to authority is introduced, it is wise to be aware of the area of expertise of any given authority - and to be mindful of the relevance of that particular area of expertise to the issue under discussion. Essentially, in every case of appeals to authority, be mindful of those tricky appeals to irrelevant authority - just because the speaker is famous, doesnt mean he or she knows anything real about what theyre saying.

A part of case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A part of case report - Essay Example It proceeded to establish a close relationship with the different game developers with it as the dominant partner. Nintendo controlled the operating system; issued licenses to game developers and producers of games software, and; controlled the manufacture and distribution of game cartridges and imposed royalty. The result was that it raked in most of the potential profit of the whole system although consumer value originally lay in the software (Grant 1104-1105). With the recent release of Nintendo’s latest video game console, the Wii, it was able to maintain its contending position in the industry through the use of reverse positioning strategy, taking advantage, in effect of the rush to outdo competitors through the use of newest state-of-the-art micro-components. This strategy took into consideration the disruptive forces brought about by new technology that changed the video game console industry value driver of profitability: as newer, cutting-edge game console microchips were invented, older ones became passà © and their prices rapidly dropped. Nintendo took an opposing approach by using instead older chips to minimize production costs. The result allows the company to sell at a much lower price per unit than its main competitors and higher profitability return for each of the Wii sold. On the other hand, its competitors Sony (for PS3) and Microsoft (for Xbox 360) which tried to outdo each other by using state-of-the-art chips both lost money (Afuah 215). The success of the Wii launch is underpinned by the bargaining power of buyers that is naturally inclined to lower-priced products which also offer competitive quality. With the launch of the Microsoft Xbox 360 in late 2005, the Nintendo Wii in late 2006 and the Sony PS3 in early 2007, it is evident that a perceptible change in the competitive dynamics of the industry is taking shape. In the past, the winner-take-all characteristic of the video game industry had been shown with the domination of